Electrogravitics | Wikipedia audio article

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electric rivet exclaimed to be an unconventional type of effect or anti-gravity force created by an electric fields effect on a mass the name was coined in the 1920s by the discoverer of the effect Thomas Townsend Brown who spent most of his life trying to develop it and sell it as a propulsion system through Brown's promotion of the idea it was researched for a short while by aerospace companies in the 1950s electrogravitics is popular with conspiracy theorists with claims that it is powering flying sources and the b-2 stealth bomber since apparatus based on brown's ideas have often yielded varying and highly controversial results when tested with in controlled vacuum conditions the effect observed has often been attributed to the ion drift or ion wind effect instead of anti-gravity you topic origins Electra gravattack's had its origins in experiments started in 1921 by Thomas Townsend Brown who coined the name while he was still in high school he discovered an unusual effect while experimenting with a Coolidge - a type of x-ray vacuum tube where if he placed on a balanced scale with the tubes positive electrode facing up the tubes mass seemed to decrease when facing down the tubes mass seemed to increase Brown showed this effect to his college professors and even newspaper reporters and told him he was convinced that he had managed to influence gravity electronically Brown developed this into large high-voltage capacitors that would produce a tiny propulsive force causing the capacitor to jump in one direction when the power was turned on in 1929 Brown published how I control gravitation in science and invention where he claimed the capacitors were producing a mysterious force that interacted with the pull of gravity he envisions a future where if his device could be scaled up multi impulse gravitated weighing hundreds of tons may propel the ocean liners of the future or even fantastic space cars to Mars somewhere along the way Brown came up with the name be Feld Brown effect named after his former teacher professor of astronomy Paul Alfred B Feld at Denison University in Ohio Brown claimed B failed as his mentor and Co experimenter after World War two Brown sought to develop the effect as a means of propulsion for aircraft and spacecraft demonstrating a working apparatus to an audience of scientists and military officials in 1952 a Caltech physicist invited to observe Brown's disk device in the early 50s noted during the demonstration that its motivation force was the well known phenomenon of electric wind and not anti-gravity saying I'm afraid these gentlemen played hooky from their high school physics classes research in the phenomenon was popular in the mid 1950s at one point the Glenelg Martin company placed advertisements looking for cyan tests who were interested in gravity but rapidly declined in popularity thereafter since this effect could not be explained by known physics at the time the effect has been believed to be caused by ionized particles that produces a type of ion drift or ionic wind that transfers its momentum to surrounding neutral particles an electro kinetic phenomena or more widely referred to as Electra hydrodynamics EHD topic claims electrogravitics has become popular with UFO anti-gravity and government conspiracy theorists where it is seen as an example of something much more exotic than electro kinetics ie that electrogravitics is a true anti-gravity technology that can create a force that depends upon an object's mass even as gravity does there are claims that all major aerospace companies in the 1950s including Martin convair Lear Sperry Raytheon were working on it that the technology became highly classified in the early 1960s that it is used to power the b-2 bomber and that it can be used to generate free energy Charles Berlitz devoted an entire chapter of his book on the Philadelphia Experiment the Philadelphia Experiment project invisibility - a retelling of Browns early work with the effect implying the Electra gravattack's effect was being used by UFOs the researcher and author Paul Laviolette has produced many self-published books on electrogravitics making many claims over the years including his view that the technology could have helped to avoid another space shuttle Columbia disaster topic criticism many claims as to the validity of electrogravitics as an anti-gravity force revolve around research and videos on the internet purported to show lift to style capacitor devices working in a vacuum therefore not receiving propulsion from ion drift or ion wind being generated in air follow-ups on the claims are l tally in a 1990 US Air Force study NASA scientist Jonathan Campbell in a 2003 experiment and Martin Taj Maher in a 2004 paper have found that no thrust could be observed in a vacuum consistent with the phenomenon of ion wind Campbell pointed out to a Wired magazine reporter that creating a true vacuum similar to space for the test requires tens of thousands of dollars in equipment Byron Preiss in his 1985 book on the current science and future of the solar system titled the planets commented that electric rivet X development seemed to be much ado about nothing started by a bunch of engineers who didn't know enough physics price stated that electrogravitics like exobiology is a science without a single specimen for study topic see also United States gravity control propulsion initiative list of topics characterized as pseudoscience